What a Home Inspection Covers
A home inspection is designed to help buyers, sellers, and homeowners make more informed decisions by providing a clearer understanding of the property’s current condition at the time of the inspection.
Understanding Defects and Inspection Findings
Material Defects
A material defect is generally considered a problem or condition that could significantly affect the value, safety, habitability, or desirability of the property. These are often the issues that receive the greatest attention during negotiations between buyers and sellers.
Examples may include:
- Significant foundation movement or structural concerns
- Active water intrusion or moisture penetration
- Roof failure or major roof leaks
- Unsafe electrical conditions
- Plumbing leaks causing damage or mold concerns
- Furnace or air conditioning systems not functioning properly
- Major safety hazards
Cosmetic Issues
Examples may include:
- Paint touch-ups
- Flooring wear
- Minor scratches or dents
- Older finishes or dated décor
- Surface staining or aesthetic imperfections
Major Defects
Major defects are serious issues that may require substantial repair, replacement, or further evaluation by a qualified specialist. These defects may not always be immediate emergencies, but they can involve significant cost or affect the normal function of the home.
Examples may include:
- Aging or failing roofing materials
- Structural settlement or framing concerns
- Defective or outdated electrical panels
- Extensive exterior deterioration
- Improper grading causing water concerns
- Failing windows or exterior components allowing water intrusion
Minor Defects
Minor defects are generally smaller issues, maintenance items, or deficiencies commonly found in many homes. While these items may still require repair or monitoring, they are typically less urgent and are often expected as part of normal home ownership.
Examples may include:
- Loose handrails or door hardware
- Minor plumbing drips
- Small drywall cracks from normal settlement
- Caulking deficiencies around tubs or windows
- Worn weatherstripping
- Minor grading or drainage recommendations
Areas Commonly Inspected
A home inspection may include the following systems and components where visually accessible:
Roof
- Roofing materials and general condition
- Flashings, vents, chimneys & penetrations
- Signs of leaks or water intrusion
- Gutters and drainage systems
Exterior
- Siding, trim, soffits & fascia
- Windows and doors
- Grading and drainage around the property
- Decks, balconies, porches & railings
- Foundation observations
Structure
- Foundation walls
- Floor structure & framing where visible
- Signs of movement, settlement, or structural concerns
Plumbing
- Water supply and drain piping
- Fixtures and faucets
- Water heater
- Visible leaks or functional deficiencies
Electrical
- Main service entrance and panel
- Visible wiring
- Grounding and bonding observations
- Receptacles, switches & visible safety concerns
Heating & cooling
- Furnace and heating systems
- Air conditioning systems where present
- Ductwork and ventilation observations
Interior
- Walls, ceilings and floors
- Doors and windows
- Stairs and railings
- Signs of moisture intrusion or settlement
Insulation & ventilation
- Attic insulation levels where accessible
- Ventilation systems
- Signs of condensation or moisture concerns
Attic & crawlspaces
- Structural observations
- Signs of leaks or moisture intrusion
- Ventilation and insulation where accessible
Important limitations: A home inspection is visual and non-destructive in nature. Inspectors do not move furniture or personal belongings, open finished walls, dismantle systems, or predict future performance of components. Some areas may not be accessible at the time of the inspection due to storage, finishes, weather conditions, or safety concerns. No home is perfect — including new construction. The purpose of the inspection is to help clients better understand the property's condition, prioritize concerns, and make informed decisions.